Diverse FSH and testosterone signaling pathways in the sertoli cell

FSH and testosterone exert different regulatory effects on the seminiferous epithelium; they act through multiple and complex signaling routes to direct the development of the germ cells into mature spermatozoa. In addition to their well-known pathways of action, both hormones have recently been recognized to have new signaling routes that are linked to the Ca2+ ion, including, among others, the regulation of cell proliferation by FSH and the regulation of cell migration by testosterone.