PGC-1β is downregulated by training in human skeletal muscle:: no effect of training twice every second day vs. once daily on expression of the PGC-1 family

We hypothesized that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators (PGC-1 alpha, PGC-1 beta, and PRC) is differentially regulated by training once daily vs. training twice daily every second day and that this difference might be observed in the acute response to endurance exercise. Furthermore, we hypothesized that expression levels of the PGC-1 family differ with muscular fiber-type composition. Thus, before and after 10 wk of knee extensor endurance training, training one leg once daily and the other leg twice daily every second day, keeping the total amount of training for the legs equal, skeletal muscle mRNA expression levels of PGC-1 alpha, PGC-1 beta, and PRC were determined in young healthy men (n = 7) in response to 3 h of acute exercise. No significant difference was found between the two legs, suggesting that regulation of the PGC-1 family is independent of training protocol. Training decreased PGC-1 beta in both legs, whereas PGC-1 alpha was increased, but not significantly, in the leg training once daily. PRC did not change with training. Both PGC-1 beta and PRC were increased by acute exercise both before and after endurance training, whereas PGC-1 beta did not change. The mRNA levels of the PGC-1 family were examined in different types of human skeletal muscle (triceps, soleus, and vastus lateralis; n = 7). Only the expression level of PGC-1 beta differed and correlated inversely with percentage of type I fibers. In conclusion, there was no difference between training protocols on the acute exercise and training response of the PGC-1 family. However, training caused a decrease in PGC-1 gamma mRNA levels.