Induction of CXCL1 by extracellular matrix and autocrine enhancement by interleukin-1 in rat pancreatic β-cells

As we showed previously, the extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from rat bladder carcinoma cells (804G-ECM) has positive effects on rat primary beta-cell function and survival in vitro. The aim of this study was to define beta-cell genes induced by this ECM with a specific focus on cytokines. Analysis of differential gene expression by oligonucleotide microarrays, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization was performed to identify cytokine mRNA induced by this matrix. Four cytokines were overexpressed on 804G-ECM compared with poly-L-lysine: C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2, interferon-inducible protein-10, and IL-1 beta. A time-course experiment indicated that maximal induction by 804G-ECM of CXCL1/2 and interferon-inducible protein-10 occurred at 4 h. Stimulation of CXCL1 release by beta-cells on 804G-ECM was confirmed at the protein level. Moreover, secreted CXCL1 was shown to be functionally active by attracting rat granulocytes. Preventing the interaction of beta 1 integrins and laminin-5 (a major component of 804G-ECM) with specific antibodies resulted in a 40-50% inhibition of CXCL1 expression. Using the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway inhibitor Bay 11-7082 it is demonstrated that CXCL1 expression and secretion are dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B activation. IL-1 secreted by beta-cells plated on 804G-ECM was found to be a key soluble mediator because treatment of cells with the IL-1 receptor antagonist significantly reduced both CXCL1 gene expression and secretion. It is concluded that ECM induces expression of cytokines including CXCL1 with amplification by IL-1 acting via a positive autocrine feedback loop.