We show that the nonlinear piezoelectric response of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) exhibits quite different behavior compared with the piezoceramics. Instead of increasing linearly with the stress amplitude T-ac, d(31) coefficient raises with T-ac(2). Furthermore, the nonlinear effect does not set in until the strain increases beyond 0.3%, indicating very strong barriers to the domain wall motions in PVDF. The electromechanical coupling factor k(31) also exhibits an increase with stress. Furthermore, the piezopolymer can withstand more than 3% strain without degrading the piezoelectric responses. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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