Spin-exchange collisions of submerged shell atoms below 1 Kelvin

Angular momentum changing collisions can be suppressed in atoms whose valence electrons are submerged beneath filled shells of higher principle quantum number. To determine whether spin-exchange collisions are suppressed in these submerged shell atoms, we measured collisional rates for six hyperfine states of Mn at T<1 K. Although the 3d valence electrons in Mn are submerged beneath a filled 4s orbital, we find spin-exchange rate coefficients similar to Na and H (both nonsubmerged shell atoms).