The effect of a combination of plant sterol-enriched foods in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects

Background & aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-fat products enriched with plant sterols in addition to a National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Methods: This study was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over design with a run-in period and 2 intervention periods, each lasting 4 weeks. A total of 46 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects (age 50.6+/-9.8) completed the trial. The study products consisted of 20g low-fat margarine (35% fat) and 250 ml low-fat milk (0.7% fat), in total delivering 2.3 g plant sterols/d. Results: Serum total, and tow-density lipoprotein cholesterol. were significantly reduced by 5.5% (p<0.001, 95% CI: 2.5; 8.3) and 7.7% (p = 0.001, 95% CI: 3.4; 11.9), respectively, by plant sterol-enriched products compared to placebo. Serum apolipoprotein B was significantly reduced by 4.6% (p<0.05, 95% CI: 1.7; 7.5), and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I by 3.4% (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.1; 6.6) after plant sterol intake compared to the placebo supplement. Conclusions: A combination of tow-fat margarine and milk enriched with plant sterols significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects, but had no effect on C-reactive protein and lipoprotein (a) concentrations. Sponsorship: Unilever Denmark A/S. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.