Effect of beaming and enhanced transmission in photonic crystals

The effect of the modified surface and grating layers on the beaming of the electromagnetic waves from a two dimensional photonic crystal (PC) is presented numerically and experimentally. The role of the two components of the beaming, the transmission of the channel and the directionality, are explicitly analyzed. It is demonstrated that a small change, which consists of taking away one grating from the grating layers, can improve the beaming by 20% and opens up a new window of frequencies with a second beaming in our PC. These experimental observations can be explained by the derived dispersion relation of the surface waves. An animated result concludes this study and recapitulates all the observed effects.