Lipopolysaccharide induces adipose differentiation-related protein expression and lipid accumulation in the liver through inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in mice

Background. In the present study, we examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on liver histopathology with special reference to lipid metabolism in mice. Methods. Mice were injected with LPS intraperitoneally, and its effect on the liver was investigated pathologically and biochemically. Results. Oil-red O staining and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) immunohistochemistry demonstrated that injection of LPS transiently induced lipid accumulation and ADRP expression in hepatocytes, especially around the portal vein. Microscopic observation revealed that lipid accumulation started 12h after LPS injection. Time-course studies showed that LPS rapidly, within 2h, decreased hepatic expression of nuclear hormone receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha. LPS inhibited the expression of PPAR alpha-target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the liver such as those coding for enoyl-CoA hydratase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, whereas LPS also suppressed the expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis such as those for fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha. Conclusions. LPS induces transient lipid accumulation and expression of ADRP in the liver through inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by downregulation of the PPAR alpha-related transcriptional mechanism.