A rapid, sensitive and effective quantitative method for simultaneous determination of cationic surfactant mixtures from river and municipal wastewater by direct combination of single-drop microextraction with AP-MALDI mass spectrometry

A rapid, simple, sensitive, and effective quantitative method for simultaneous determination of cationic surfactants (CS+) from river and municipal wastewater by direct combination of single-drop microextraction (SDME) with atmospheric pressure (AP)-MALDI mass spectrometry has been successfully demonstrated without the requirements of tedious sample pre- or post-treatment or separation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This quantitative method can greatly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for analysis of small molecules of CS+ owing to the strong suppression of matrix ions by the analytes. In addition, SDME assisted in the isolation and preconcentration of CS+ from water samples, which could effectively reduce the background interferences from the matrices present in waste and river water. The SDME conditions were optimized for achieving high extraction efficiency of CS+ from aqueous samples, in terms of solvent selection, stirring speed, extraction time, exposure volume of acceptor phase, and salt addition. The enrichment factors for CS+ were found to be 40-64-folds for 7min of extraction time with no salt addition and at room temperature. This method was found to yield a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 50 to 1500 mu g/l CS+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 mu g/l. The relative recoveries in river and municipal wastewater were found to be 93.8-103.6% and 91.0-98.7%, respectively. These results indicate that the combination of SDME with AP-MALDI/MS is effective for the simultaneous determination of CS+ from river and municipal wastewater. In addition, a comparison of enrichments and LOD values for this method with hollow-fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was also demonstrated. The present approach is easy to operate, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for high-throughput of analysis. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.