Minimal classical communication and measurement complexity for quantum information splitting

We present two quantum information splitting schemes using respectively tripartite GHZ and asymmetric W states as quantum channels. We show that if the secret state is chosen from a special ensemble and known to the sender (Alice), then she can split and distribute it to the receivers Bob and Charlie by performing only a single-qubit measurement and broadcasting a one-cbit message. It is clear that no other schemes could possibly achieve the same goal with simpler measurement and less classical communication. In comparison, existing schemes work for arbitrary quantum states which need not be known to Alice; however she is required to perform a two-qubit Bell measurement and communicate a two-cbit message. Hence there is a trade-off between flexibility and measurement complexity plus classical resource. In situations where our schemes are applicable, they will greatly reduce the measurement complexity and at the same time cut the communication overhead by one half.