期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
卷 40, 期 9, 页码 3659-3671出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.071
关键词
Ammonia synthesis; Ruthenium catalyst; Activated carbon; Chemical treatment; Deactivation
资金
- Petrochemical Research and Technology Company of National Petrochemical Company (NPC-RT) [0870249201]
A series of Ru/activated carbon (AC) catalysts promoted with potassium and barium were prepared by impregnation method for ammonia synthesis. The chemical treatments effects of the support on catalytic performance were studied by modifying AC with H-2 (ACH) and H-2 + nitric acid (ACHN). The catalysts were characterized by using nitrogen adsorption/desorption, TEM, SEM, EDS and XRD techniques. The catalytic performance was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 400-450 degrees C, 30 bar and N-2:H-2 (1:3). The order for both activity and stability was ACHN > ACH > AC according to the support type. The excellent performance of K-Ba-Ru/ACHN catalyst was attributed to efficient chlorine and sulfur removal from AC and high distribution of Ru and promoters. The reaction was found not to be intra-particle diffusion limited. A second-order independent decay law was proposed for catalyst deactivation. Deactivation rate constants of 0.016 h(-1) and 0.0018 h(-1) were obtained for AC and ACH supported samples, respectively. Copyright (C) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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