Growth of the first antler in Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

In this study, we describe the process of pedicle and first antler growth in Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and document relationships among body development, maternal milk supply and composition, and maternal weight on the length of first antlers. Antler length of 53 males of Iberian red deer was measured every 2 weeks from birth to 20 months of age. Deer weight, age, and the date of occurrence of the major events during the antler growth cycle were also recorded. The first evidence of pedicle development occurred when the animals were 38.0 +/- 0.6 weeks old and weighed 60.7 +/- 0.9 kg. Antler cleaning took place at a mean age of 63.8 +/- 0.7 weeks and a mean weight of 91.5 +/- 1.8 kg. The antler growth period lasted 16.7 +/- 0.4 weeks, and the cleaning period lasted 5.1 +/- 0.4 weeks. First antler growth followed a sigmoid curve, reaching a final length of 38.3 +/- 1.0 cm. Antler length was positively correlated with body weight during the antler growth cycle. Additionally, the final length of the first antler was related to total milk yield, date of antler growth initiation, body weight at 6 months of age, and the antler growth time interval.