Neuropathology of the olfactory mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity, but the pathological examination of the olfactory mucosa (OM) in this disease has been limited Methods: Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 control subjects and 50 CRS patients in conjunction with clinical assessments Histopathology of these nasal biopsy specimens was performed and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize nonneuronal, neuronal, and inflammatory cells in the OM These OM characteristics were then evaluated to determine the degree to which pathological features may be related to smell loss in CRS Results: Histopathological examination of control and CRS OM revealed changes in the normal pseudostralified olfactory epithelium (OF) intermixing of goblet cells, metaplasia to squamous-like cells, anti erosion of the OE Lower percentages of normal epithelium and olfactory sensory neurons were found in CRS OF compared with controls Relative to other CRS patients, those with anosmia had the greatest amount of OF erosion, the highest density of cosmophils infiltrating the OE, and exhibited the most extensive abnormalities on CT and endoscopic elimination, including being significantly more likely to exhibit nasal polypus's Conclusion: Our results suggest that OM pathology observed in nasal biopsy specimens can assist in understanding the degree of epithelial change anti sensormeural damage in CRS and the potential for olfactory loss (Am J Rhinol Allergy 24, 110-120, 2010, doi 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3435)