Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin at ICU Admission Predicts for Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients

Rationale: Measured at intensive care unit admission (ICU), the predictive value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) for severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is unclear. Objectives: To assess the ability of plasma and urine NGAL to predict severe AKI in adult critically ill patients. Methods: Prospective-cohort study consisting of 632 consecutive patients. Measurements and Main Results: Samples were analyzed by Triage immunoassay for NGAL expression. The primary outcome measure was occurrence of AKI based on Risk-Injury-Failure (RIFLE) classification during the first week of ICU stay. A total of 171(27%) patients developed AKI. Of these 67, 48, and 56 were classified as RIFLE R, I, and F, respectively. Plasma and urine NGAL values at ICU admission were significantly related to AKI severity. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for plasma and urine NGAL were for RIFLE R (0.77 +/- 0.05 and 0.80 +/- 0.04, respectively), RIFLE I (0.80 +/- 0.06 and 0.85 +/- 0.04, respectively), and RIFLE F (0.86 +/- 0.06 and 0.88 +/- 0.04, respectively) and comparable with those, of admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (0.84 +/- 0.04, 0.87 +/- 0.04, and 0.92 +/- 0.04, respectively). Plasma and urine NGAL significantly contributed to the accuracy of the most efficient clinical model with the best four variables including eGFR, improving the area under the curve for RIFLE F prediction to 0.96 +/- 0.02 and 0.95 +/- 0.01. Serial NGAL measurements did not provide additional information for the prediction of RIFLE F. Conclusions: NGAL measured at ICU admission predicts the development of severe AKI similarly to serum creatinine derived eGFR. However, NGAL adds significant accuracy to this prediction in combination with eGFR alone or with other clinical parameters and has an interesting predictive value in patients with normal serum creatinine.