期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
卷 182, 期 12, 页码 1524-1532出版社
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201002-0294OC
关键词
threshold; exposure; dose-dependant; ID50
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01 HL074326, P50 HL084936, UL1-RR024996, K12 RR024997]
- Flight Attendant's Medical Research Institute
- Cornell Center for Comparative and Population Genomics
- [NCT00224185]
Rationale. Epidemiologic data demonstrate that individuals exposed to low levels of tobacco smoke have decrements in lung function and higher risk for lung disease compared with unexposed individuals. Although this risk is small, low-level tobacco smoke exposure is so widespread, it is a significant public health concern. Objectives: To identify biologic correlates of this risk we hypothesized that, compared with unexposed individuals, individuals exposed to low levels of tobacco smoke have biologic changes in the small airway epithelium, the site of the first abnormalities associated with smoking. Methods: Small airway epithelium was obtained by bronchoscopy from 121 individuals; microarrays were used to assess genome-wide gene expression; urine nicotine and cotinine were used to categorize subjects as nonsmokers, active smokers, and low exposure. Gene expression data were used to determine the threshold and induction half maximal level (ID50) of urine nicotine and cotinine at which the small airway epithelium showed abnormal responses. Measurements and Main Results: There was no threshold of urine nicotine without a small airway epithelial response, and only slightly above detectable urine cotinine threshold with a small airway epithelium response. The ID50 for nicotine was 25 ng/ml and for cotinine it was 104 ng/ml. Conclusions: The small airway epithelium detects and responds to low levels of tobacco smoke with transcriptome modifications. This provides biologic correlates of epidemiologic studies linking low-level tobacco smoke exposure to lung health risk, identifies the genes most sensitive to tobacco smoke, and defines thresholds at which the lung epithelium responds to low levels of tobacco smoke.
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