期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY
卷 65, 期 2, 页码 89-98出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00902.x
关键词
Bacterial vaginosis; HIV acquisition; inflammation; innate immunity; Trichomonas vaginalis
资金
- US Agency for International Development [GPO-A-00-08-00005-00]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [41266]
Most women contract HIV-1 through sexual intercourse with an infected partner. Highly prevalent, unreported and often asymptomatic lower genital tract infections, including bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis- TV), increase a woman's susceptibility to HIV-1 genital infection, given an exposure. A review of the literature from 1989 to the present was conducted. This article will review potential mechanisms by which BV and TV serve as HIV-1-enhancing cofactors including (i) initiation of a clinical or subclinical mucosal inflammatory response, (ii) alteration of innate mucosal immunity, (iii) alteration of normal vaginal microflora and pH, and (iv) weakening or breach of intact cervico-vaginal mucosa. The transmission of HIV-1, in the absence of cofactors, is poorly efficient. Understanding the mechanisms by which these infections enhance HIV-1 acquisition is important to designing effective, safe and evidence-based prevention modalities.
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