Cellulose smart material: Possibility and challenges

This study presents an investigation of cellulose as a smart material that can be used for biomimetic sensor/actuator devices and microelectromechanical systems. This cellulose material is termed as electro-active paper (EAPap). First, the fabrication and recent improvement of EAPap materials are addressed. The actuation mechanism is explained by gathering all information on physical, chemical, electrical, and mechanical observations. In addition, the functional capability of sensor/actuator as a new smart material is discussed with experimental testimony. This smart material can be used for many applications, such as micro insect robots, micro flying objects, MEMS, biosensors, and flexible electrical displays. In summary, possibility of cellulose as smart material is addressed with challenges in this research.