期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
卷 72, 期 1, 页码 62-71出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20752
关键词
culture; imitation; orangutans; Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii; social learning; teaching; traditions
类别
资金
- The A. H. Schultz Foundation
- The Leakey Foundation
- The National Geographic Society
- The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
Studies of social learning in the wild are important to complement findings from experiments in captivity. In this field study, immature Bornean orangutans rarely foraged independently but consistently followed their mothers' choices. Their diets were essentially identical to their mothers' even though not all mothers had the same diet. This suggests vertical transmission of diet by enhancement. Also, immatures selectively observed their mothers during extractive foraging, which increased goal-directed practice but not general manipulation of similar objects, suggesting observational forms of learning of complex skills. Teaching was not observed. These results are consistent with the reported presence of food traditions and skill cultures in wild orangutans. We suggest that food traditions can develop wherever association commonly allows for social learning. However, the capacity for observational learning, and thus more complex culture, is more likely to evolve among extractive foragers with prolonged association between adults and immatures. Am. J. Primatol. 72:62-71, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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