期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
卷 71, 期 5, 页码 366-372出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20648
关键词
tool use; Cebus xanthosternos; Cebus libidinosus; capuchin monkey; extractive foraging; problem solving
类别
资金
- PROBIO/MMA
- FNMA/MMA
- The Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund
- The Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation
- The European zoos (Apenheul, The Netherlands
- Conservation des Especes et des Populations Animales (CEPA), France
- The Zoologische Gesellschaft fur Arten un Populationsschutz (ZGAP), Germany
Reports on use of stones as hammers and anvils to open hard nuts by wild capuchin monkeys are scarce and limited to Cebus libidinosus. Here, we report for the first time data on tool use-stones as hammer and anvils to open nuts-in wild C. xanthosternos and a description of new tool using sites for C. libidinosus. Our records were made by visiting anvil sites and by information obtained from local residents. We surveyed three different biomes: Caatinga (dry forest and thorn scrub), Cerrado (Brazilian bush savannah), and Atlantic forest (wet forest), all records of tool use were from Caatinga or transitional areas between habitats. The behavior is suggested to be routinely performed and widespread among several populations. The fruits of six plant species in different localities were opened with hammer stones by C. xanthosternos. Hammer stones were of similar weigh as those described in other studies of C. libidinosus. Conditions found in Caatinga, such as a more frequent use of the ground by the monkeys and/or food scarcity, may play an important role in the acquisition of nut-cracking behavior. The absence of more reports of nut cracking and other forms of tool use in other species of wild Cebus is likely to result from a lack of surveys in very dry and food limited habitats or intrinsic characteristics of other Cebus species. Am. J. Primatol. 71:366-372, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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