Shear-induced interaction of platelets with von Willebrand factor results in glycoprotein Ibα shedding

Cheng H, Yan R, Li S, Yuan Y, Liu J, Ruan C, Dai K. Shear-induced interaction of platelets with von Willebrand factor results in glycoprotein Ib alpha shedding. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H2128-H2135, 2009. First published October 9, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00107.2009.-Shear-induced platelet adhesion through the interaction of glycoprotein (GP) Ib alpha with von Willebrand factor (VWF) exposed at the injured vessel wall or atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a prerequisite for the physiological hemostatic process or pathological thrombus formation in stenosed arteries. Here we show that shear-induced interaction of platelets with immobilized VWF results in GPIb alpha ectodomain shedding. Washed platelets were exposed to VWF-coated glass capillary or cone-and-plate viscometer at different shear rates, and GPIb alpha ectodomain was shed from platelets, while a small mass of GPIb alpha COOH-terminal peptide, similar to 17 kDa, was increased correspondingly. The extent of GPIb alpha shedding was enhanced with the concentration of immobilized VWF and the time duration of constant shear stress, whereas it was obviously reduced with the decreased number of adherent platelets. Pretreatment of platelets with membrane-permeable calpain inhibitors and metalloproteinase inhibitor abolished shear-induced GPIb alpha shedding. Furthermore, GPIb alpha shedding was obviously diminished by anti-integrin-alpha(IIb)beta(3) monoclonal antibody SZ21, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin, and cell-permeable calcium chelator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid. These results indicate that shear-induced platelet-VWF interaction results in calpain and metalloproteinase-dependent GPIb alpha ectodomain shedding. These findings not only have a physiological implication in understanding the presence of glycocalicin in normal circulation, but also suggest a novel mechanism for the negative regulation of platelet function and the limitation of platelet thrombus infinite formation under pathophysiological flow conditions.