期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
卷 191, 期 2, 页码 201-207出版社
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1537OC
关键词
children; exhaled breath condensate; gene expression; volatile organic compounds; wheeze
资金
- Dutch Lung Foundation [NAF3.4.05.033]
- Stichting Astma Bestrijding [SAB 2006/018]
- Maastricht University Medical Center [PF 294]
Rationale: A reliable asthma diagnosis is difficult in wheezing preschool children. Objectives: To assess whether exhaled biomarkers, expression of inflammation genes, and early lung function measurements can improve a reliable asthma prediction in preschool wheezing children. Methods: Two hundred two preschool recurrent wheezers (aged 2-4 yr) were prospectively followed up until 6 years of age. At 6 years of age, a diagnosis (asthma or transient wheeze) was based on symptoms, lung function, and asthma medication use. The added predictive value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) of biomarkers to clinical information (assessed with the Asthma Predictive Index [API]) assessed at preschool age in diagnosing asthma at 6 years of age was determined with a validation set. Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate, exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gene expression, and airway resistance were measured. Measurements and Main Results: At 6 years of age, 198 children were diagnosed (76 with asthma, 122 with transient wheeze). Information on exhaled VOCs significantly improved asthma prediction (AUC, 89% [increase of 28%]; positive predictive value [PPV]/negative predictive value [NPV], 82/83%), which persisted in the validation set. Information on gene expression of toll-like receptor 4, catalase, and tumor necrosis factor-a significantly improved asthma prediction (AUC, 75% [increase of 17%]; PPV/NPV, 76/73%). This could not be confirmed after validation. Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate and airway resistance (pre- and post- bronchodilator) did not improve an asthma prediction. The combined model with VOCs, gene expression, and API had an AUG of 95% (PPV/NPV, 90/89%). Conclusions: Adding information on exhaled VOCs and possibly expression of inflammation genes to the API significantly improves an accurate asthma diagnosis in preschool children.
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