Growth and insulin dynamics in two generations of female offspring of mothers receiving a single course of synthetic glucocorticoids

OBJECTIVE: Synthetic glucocorticoid administration to women threatening preterm delivery increases neonatal survival. However, mounting evidence shows that fetal exposure to glucocorticoid levels higher than appropriate for current maturation adversely programs offspring development. We examined fetal synthetic glucocorticoid multigenerational metabolic effects on F1 and F2 female offspring. STUDY DESIGN: At 0.7 gestation, pregnant F0 ewes received 4 injections of dexamethasone (2 mg, approximately 60 ug.kg(-1) day(-1) 12 hours apart) or saline (control). F1 female offspring were bred to produce F2 female offspring. Postpubertal pancreatic beta-cell function was tested in F1 and F2 by intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: F1 and F2 ewe lambs showed reduced birthweight and morphometrics, and similar increased fasting glucose and decreased intravenous glucose tolerance test beta-cell response. CONCLUSION: This is the first demonstration of multigenerational programming of later life beta-cell response by clinically relevant doses of synthetic glucocorticoid indicating the need for study of long-term effects of fetal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoid.