Cross-species infection of hepatitis E virus in a zoo-like location, including birds

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen of which several species of animals are considered to be reservoirs. Thirty-eight faecal samples, obtained from 22 species of animals including birds in a wildlife first-aid centre in Eastern China, were tested for HEV RNA. Our Survey revealed that in total 28.9 % (95 % confidence interval 14.5-43.4) of the faecal samples from various mammals and birds were HEV RNA positive. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the I I isolates demonstrated that all sequences clustered in genotype 4 with 96-100 % identity to each other. In addition, serum samples from seven animal handlers have shown that five (71-4%) were seropositive. The findings imply that cross-species infection of HEV had probably occurred in this zoo-like location, and moreover, birds can be infected naturally with mammalian HEV.