Associations Between Insulin and Heart Rate Variability in Police Officers

ObjectiveLow heart rate variability (HRV) has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to examine the cross-sectional association between insulin and HRV. MethodsInsulin levels were measured in 355 nondiabetic officers from the BCOPS study, following a 12 h fast. HRV was performed according to methods published by the task force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology for measurement and analysis of HRV. Mean values of high (HF) and low frequency (LF) HRV were compared across tertiles of insulin using ANOVA and ANCOVA; p-values were obtained from linear regression models. ResultsHigher mean levels of insulin were significantly associated with lower (i.e., worse) mean levels of HRV before and after risk-factor adjustment. The results for HF HRV (ms(2)) were as follows: 1st insulin (mu U/ml) tertile (156.3; 95% confidence interval (CI)=128.6-189.9); 2nd tertile (154.3; 95% CI=124.3-191.5); 3rd tertile (127.9; 95% CI=105.0-155.8), p for trend=0.017. Results with LF HRV were similar to HF HRV. Insulin was also inversely and significantly associated with HRV among officers with BMI 25 kg/m(2), with 25.5% body fat, and among those who reported low (