Demographic, Clinical, and Lifestyle Correlates of Subjective Memory Complaints in the Australian Population

Objectives: To provide estimates of the prevalence and correlates of subjective memory complaints in older individuals by using population-based Australian data. Design: 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Setting: Australia. Participants: 1,905 community-dwelling participants aged 65-85 years. Measurements: Subjective memory complaints were assessed by using two questions reflecting: (1) poorer memory compared with others of the same age (worse memory); and (2) a decline in memory performance over the previous 5 years (declining memory). Twelve-month and lifetime diagnoses were derived from structured diagnostic interviews. Other correlates investigated included chronic physical conditions, lifestyle factors, and service use. Analyses adjusted for scores on the Minie Mental State Examination. Results: Subjective memory complaints were reported by one-third (33.5%) of respondents. Those who reported either complaint were more likely to report psychological distress, poor functioning, service use, and negative self-assessed mental and physical health. Declining memory over the past 5 years was also related to an increase in the rates of psychiatric disorders. After adjusting for other variables of interest, associations were established between subjective memory complaints and psychological distress, poor functioning, negative self-assessed mental health, and alcohol use disorders. Except for the association between declining memory and anxiety and depression, these associations remained significant after excluding those with scores <27 on the Minie-Mental State Examination. Conclusions: Subjective memory complaints were associated with several negative clinical characteristics that should be considered when interpreting these complaints. Subjective memory complaints may be valid indicators of psychopathology and the need for clinical assessment.