期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
卷 176, 期 9, 页码 815-824出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws148
关键词
air pollution; confounding factors (epidemiology); infant; low birth weight; pregnancy
资金
- National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [R21 ESO14891, P20 ES018173]
- Environmental Protection Agency [R834596]
- EPA [150275, R834596] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
Traffic-related air pollution is recognized as an important contributor to health problems. Epidemiologic analyses suggest that prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants may be associated with adverse birth outcomes; however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the relation is causal. The Study of Air Pollution, Genetics and Early Life Events comprises all births to women living in 4 counties in Californias San Joaquin Valley during the years 20002006. The probability of low birth weight among full-term infants in the population was estimated using machine learning and targeted maximum likelihood estimation for each quartile of traffic exposure during pregnancy. If everyone lived near high-volume freeways (approximated as the fourth quartile of traffic density), the estimated probability of term low birth weight would be 2.27 (95 confidence interval: 2.16, 2.38) as compared with 2.02 (95 confidence interval: 1.90, 2.12) if everyone lived near smaller local roads (first quartile of traffic density). Assessment of potentially causal associations, in the absence of arbitrary model assumptions applied to the data, should result in relatively unbiased estimates. The current results support findings from previous studies that prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution may adversely affect birth weight among full-term infants.
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