期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
卷 168, 期 1, 页码 1-8出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn118
关键词
computer simulation; environment and public health; epidemiologic methods; health behavior; models; theoretical; residence characteristics; systems theory
资金
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL071759] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [1R24 HD047861] Funding Source: Medline
A major focus of recent work on the spatial patterning of health has been the study of how features of residential environments or neighborhoods may affect health. Place effects on health emerge from complex interdependent processes in which individuals interact with each other and their environment and in which both individuals and environments adapt and change over time. Traditional epidemiologic study designs and statistical regression approaches are unable to examine these dynamic processes. These limitations have constrained the types of questions asked, the answers received, and the hypotheses and theoretical explanations that are developed. Agent-based models and other systems-dynamics models may help to address some of these challenges. Agent-based models are computer representations of systems consisting of heterogeneous microentities that can interact and change/adapt over time in response to other agents and features of the environment. Using these models, one can observe how macroscale dynamics emerge from microscale interactions and adaptations. A number of challenges and limitations exist for agent-based modeling. Nevertheless, use of these dynamic models may complement traditional epidemiologic analyses and yield additional insights into the processes involved and the interventions that may be most useful.
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