Fish consumption and prostate cancer risk a review and meta-analysis

Background Prostate cancer incidence varies 60 fold globally which suggests the roles of lifestyle and dietary factors in its cause To our knowledge a comprehensive assessment of the association between fish consumption and prostate cancer incidence and mortality has not been reported Objective We conducted a meta analysis of fish intake and prostate cancer by focusing on the incidence of prostate cancer and prostate cancer specific mortality and included subgroup analyses based on race, fish type method of fish preparation and high grade and high stage cancer Design We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (May 2009) for case control and cohort studies that assessed fish intake and prostate cancer risk Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data Results There was no association between fish consumption and a significant reduction in prostate cancer incidence [12 case-control studies (n = 5777 cases and 9805 control subjects) odds ratio (OR) 085 95% CI 072 1 00 and 12 cohort studies (n = 445 820) relative risk (RR) 1 01 95% CI 090 1 14] It was not possible to perform a meta-analyst, for high-grade disease (one case-control study OR 1 44 95% CI 0 58 3 03) locally advanced disease (one cohort study RR 080 95% CI 061 1 13) or metastatic disease (one cohort study RR 0 56 95% CI 0 37 0 86) There was an association between fish consumption and a significant 63% reduction in prostate cancer specific mortality [4 cohort studies (n = 49 661) RR 037 95% (I 018 0 74] Conclusion Our analyses provide no strong evidence of a protective association of fish consumption with prostate cancer incidence but showed a significant 63% reduction in prostate cancer specific mortality Am J Clin Nutr 2010 92 1223-33