期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
卷 98, 期 5, 页码 872-895出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000059
关键词
Andes; Bromeliaceae; bromeliads; epiphytes; Guayana Shield; historical biogeography; neotropics; Poales; Serra do Mar; tank formation
资金
- National Science Foundation [DEB-9981587, DEB-0830036, DEB-0431258, DEB-0129446, DEB-0129414]
- Hertel Gift Fund
- Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies (KIOS) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OAW)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinshaft [ZI 557/7-1, SCHU 2426/1-1]
- Hessian initiative for the development of scientific and economic excellence (LOEWE) at the Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Mein
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0830036] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
. Premise : Bromeliaceae form a large, ecologically diverse family of angiosperms native to the New World. We use a bromeliad phylogeny based on eight plastid regions to analyze relationships within the family, test a new, eight-subfamily classification, infer the chronology of bromeliad evolution and invasion of different regions, and provide the basis for future analyses of trait evolution and rates of diversification. . Methods : We employed maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian approaches to analyze 9341 aligned bases for four outgroups and 90 bromeliad species representing 46 of 58 described genera. We calibrate the resulting phylogeny against time using penalized likelihood applied to a monocot-wide tree based on plastid ndhF sequences and use it to analyze patterns of geographic spread using parsimony, Bayesian inference, and the program S-DIVA. . Results : Bromeliad subfamilies are related to each other as follows: (Brocchinioideae, (Lindmanioideae, (Tillandsioideae, (Hechtioideae, (Navioideae, (Pitcairnioideae, (Puyoideae, Bromelioideae))))))). Bromeliads arose in the Guayana Shield ca. 100 million years ago (Ma), spread centrifugally in the New World beginning ca. 16-13 Ma, and dispersed to West Africa ca. 9.3 Ma. Modern lineages began to diverge from each other roughly 19 Ma. . Conclusions : Nearly two-thirds of extant bromeliads belong to two large radiations: the core tillandsioids, originating in the Andes ca. 14.2 Ma, and the Brazilian Shield bromelioids, originating in the Serro do Mar and adjacent regions ca. 9.1 Ma.
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