期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
卷 97, 期 1, 页码 38-48出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900083
关键词
Boraginaceae; climate change; floral longevity; flowering phenology; Mertensia fusiformis; phenotypic selection analysis; pollen limitation; pollination; resource allocation; Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; skewness
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT)
- RMBL, through a Lee Snyder Memorial Grant
Climate change is causing many plants to flower earlier in spring, exposing them to novel selection pressures, including-potentially-pollinator shortages. Over 2 years that contrasted in timing of flowering onset, we studied reproductive strategies, pollen limitation, and selection on flowering time in Mertensia fusiformis, a self-incompatible, spring-flowering perennial. Plants opened most of their flowers early in the flowering period, especially in 2007, the early year; but selection favored early-flowering individuals only in 2008. However, resource allocation to early vs. late seed production was flexible: In 2008, but not 2007, early flowers on a plant produced more and heavier seeds. Late flowers were capable of equal seed production if fertilization of early ovules was prevented, suggesting that late flowers serve a bet-hedging function. Evidence for pollen limitation was weak, although there was a tendency for early flowers to be pollen-limited in 2007 and for late flowers to be pollen-limited in 2008. Poor reproductive success in 2007 was likely attributable less to pollen limitation than to frost damage to flowers. We suggest that plasticity in floral longevity and resource allocation among flowers will make this species resilient to short-term pollinator deficits; whether this will help or hinder future adaptation is unclear.
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