期刊
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
卷 155, 期 -, 页码 161-171出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.04.004
关键词
Nitrogen use efficiency; Non-point pollution; Fertilization; Nitrate; Nitrogen balance; Irrigation efficiency; La Violada irrigation district
资金
- Almudevar Water User Association (Comunidad de Regantes de Almudevar, CRA)
- Ebro River Basin Authority (Confederacion Hidrografica del Ebro, CHE)
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [AGL2006-11860/AGR]
- European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
- European Union [INCO CT-2005-015031]
Nitrogen (N) pollution induced by irrigated agriculture is a significant environmental problem. The main N inputs and outputs were measured or estimated in the semi-arid La Violada irrigation district (Spain). Data on two periods (1995-1998 and 2006-2008) were compared and related to observed changes during the decade in cropping patterns and N fertilization and irrigation management. N fertilization exceeded crop N uptake due to over-fertilization of corn (426 kg N/ha in 1995-1998 and 332 kg N/ha in 2006-2008) and alfalfa (62 kg N/ha). Between the two periods, N fertilization decreased by 56%, primarily due to a change from corn to alfalfa and barley. Accordingly, N losses in the irrigation return flows (IRF) diminished from 31% of the applied fertilizer in 1995-1998 to 20% in 2006-2008. NO3- concentrations and NO3-N loads in the IRF decreased from 40 mg/L and 106 kg N/ha in 1995-1998 to 21 mg/L and 22 kg N/ha in 2006-2008, due to lower N fertilization, lower corn area and improved irrigation efficiency. N contamination in the IRF will be minimized by increasing the irrigation efficiency and decreasing the corn area and its N fertilization rates, particularly when supplemental organic N is applied at pre-sowing. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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