4.7 Article

Modelling canopy conductance and transpiration of fruit trees in Mediterranean areas: A simplified approach

期刊

AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
卷 171, 期 -, 页码 93-103

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.010

关键词

Sap-flow; Irrigation; Citrus; Olive; Walnut; Apple; Apricot; Peach; Pistachio

资金

  1. Programa de Ahorro y Mejora de la Productividad del Agua de Riego en la Horticultura Espanola of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [CONSOLIDER-RIDECO CSD2006-00067]
  2. European Union ERDF funds

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Improving current approaches to quantify the transpiration of fruit trees is needed for water allocation purposes and to enhance the precision of water applications under full and deficit irrigation. Given that transpiration of tree crops is mainly modulated by canopy conductance (G(c)) and vapour pressure deficits, we developed a functional model of tree transpiration by quantifying an average daily G(c) based on radiation use efficiency and CO2 assimilation. For model calibration, an extensive experimental dataset of tree transpiration (E-p) was collected in many of the main temperate fruit tree species, namely, apricot, apple, citrus, olive, peach, pistachio, and walnut, all under non-limiting water conditions, in different orchards in Spain and California (USA). In all species, E-p was assessed by measuring sap flux with the Compensation Heat Pulse method for several months, and a transpiration coefficient (K-t) was calculated as the ratio of measured E-p to the reference evapotranspiration. For three deciduous species (apricot, peach and walnut) K-t showed maximum values close to 1, a value which stayed more or less constant throughout the summer in peach and walnut. The maximum K-t values were measured in pistachio (1.14) while they only reached 0.35 in olive and citrus trees. In the latter two species, K-t varied seasonally between 0.2 and 0.6 depending on the weather. The average G(c) in July was high for apple, walnut, peach and pistachio (range 0.240-0.365 mol m(-2) s(-1)) and low for olive and orange (range 0.074-0.100 mol m(-2) s(-1)). The calibrated model outputs were compared against measured E-p data, suggesting the satisfactory performance of a functional model for E-p calculation that should improve the precision of current empirical approaches followed to compute fruit tree water requirements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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