Two-echelon supply chain coordination among manufacturer and duopolies retailers with recycling facility

To reduce pollution and more uses of natural resources, the concept of recycle of used products and apply to everyday life is urgent for maintaining a sustainable life. In this context, an important positive strategy is to buy products when one customer does have to throw an item away. Based on this concept, the demand function of end customers is assumed as sales prices and recycling factors sensitive. In this paper, we develop cooperative as well as non-cooperative model of a closed-loop supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and duopolies retailers and compare the model with cournot and collusion games. Under Stackelberg setting among the manufacturer and the retailers, the duopolies retailers compete with each other under cournot and collusion games. A numerical example is given to justify the proposed model.