期刊
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
卷 25, 期 2, 页码 377-382出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.019
关键词
Stroke; Ischemia; Microglia; M1 phenotype; M2 phenotype
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81274122, 81173578, 81102831, 81373997]
- National Key Sci-Tech Major Special Item [2012ZX09301002-004, 2012ZX09103101-006]
- National 863 Program of China [2012AA020303]
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [7131013]
- Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20121106130001]
Resident microglia are the major immune cells in the brain, acting as the first defense of the central nervous system. Following cerebral ischemia, microglia respond to this injury at first and transform from surveying microglia to active state. The activated microglia play a dual role in the ischemic injury, due to distinct microglia phenotypes, including deleterious M1 and neuroprotective M2. However, microglia show transient M2 phenotype followed by a shift to M1. The high ratio of M1 to M2 is significantly related to ischemic injury. Many signal pathways participate in the alternation of microglial phenotype, presenting potential therapeutic targets for selectively modulating M2 polarization of microglia. In this review, we discuss how the M2 phenotype mediates neuroprotective effects and summarize the alternation of signaling cascades that control microglial phenotype after ischemic stroke. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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