Solar cycle effect on temporal and spatial variation of topside ion density measured by SROSS C2 and ROCSAT 1 over the Indian longitude sector

We investigated the diurnal, seasonal and latitudinal variations of ion density Ni over the Indian low and equatorial topside ionosphere within 17.5 degrees S to 17.5 degrees N magnetic latitudes by combining the data from SROSS C2 and ROCSAT 1 for the 9 year period from 1995 to 2003 during solar cycle 23. The diurnal maximum density is found in the local noon or in the afternoon hours and the minimum occurs in the pre sunrise hours. The density is higher during the equinoxes as compared to that in the June and December solstice. The local time spread of the daytime maximum ion density increases with increase in solar activity. A north south asymmetry with higher ion density over northern hemisphere in the June solstice and over southern hemisphere in December solstice has been observed in moderate and high solar activity years. The crest to crest distance increases with increase in solar flux. Ion density bears a nonlinear relationship with F-10.7 cm solar flux and EUV flux in general. The density increases linearly with solar flux up to similar to 150 sfu (1 sfu = 10(-22)wm(-2)Hz(-1)) and EUV flux up to similar to 50 units (10(9) photons cm(-2) s(-1)). But beyond this the density saturates. Inverse saturation and linear relationship have been observed in some season or latitude also. Inter-comparison of the three solar activity indices F-10.7 cm flux, EUV flux and F-10.7P (= (F-10.7 + F-10.7A)/2, where F-10.7A is the 81 day running average value of F-10.7) shows that the ion density correlates better with F-10.7P and F-10.7 cm fluxes. The annual average daytime total ion density from 1995 to 2003 follows a hysteresis loop as the solar cycle reverses. The ion density at 500 km over the Indian longitude sector as obtained by the international reference ionosphere is in general lower than the measured densities during moderate and high solar activity years. In low solar activity years the model densities are equal or higher than measured densities. The IRI ETA peaks are symmetric (+/-10 degrees) in equinox while densities are higher at 10 degrees N in June solstice and at 10 degrees S in the December solstice. The model density follows F-10.7 linearly up to about F-10.7 > similar to 150 sfu and then saturates. (C) 2013 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.