Effective Solution- and Vacuum-Processed n-Doping by Dimers of Benzimidazoline Radicals

Benzimidazoline radical dimers that can be handled in air but that function as powerful reductants are reported and evaluated as n-dopants by solution- and vacuum processing. In several host materials, one of these dimers is found to have a more-consistent doping effect than a hydride-donor dopant analog. Notably, a record high room-temperature conductivity of 12.0 S cm(-1) is obtained for doped C-60.