期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 22, 期 26-27, 页码 2838-2853出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903909
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资金
- National Science Foundation through the Yale Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [MRSEC DMR-0520495]
- US Department of Energy [MWN DMR-0806893, DE-FG02-06ER15834]
- American Chemical Society [42259-AC5]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-06ER15834] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Materials properties are ultimately determined by the nature of the interactions between the atoms that form the material. On surfaces, the site-specific spatial distribution of force and energy fields governs the phenomena encountered. This article reviews recent progress in the development of a measurement mode called three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) that allows the dense, three-dimensional mapping of these surface fields with atomic resolution. Based on noncontact atomic force microscopy, 3D-AFM is able to provide more detailed information on surface properties than ever before, thanks to the simultaneous multi-channel acquisition of complementary spatial data such as local energy dissipation and tunneling currents. By illustrating the results of experiments performed on graphite and pentacene, we explain how 3D-AFM data acquisition works, what challenges have to be addressed in its realization, and what type of data can be extracted from the experiments. Finally, a multitude of potential applications are discussed, with special emphasis on chemical imaging, heterogeneous catalysis, and nanotribology.
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