Hollow Micro/Nanomaterials with Multilevel Interior Structures

In this Review, recent achievements in the multilevel interior-structured hollow 0D and 1D micro/nanomaterials are presented and categorized. The 0D multilevel interior-structured micro/nanomaterials are classified into four main interior structural categories that include a macroporous structure, a core-in-hollow-shell structure, a multishell structure, and a multichamber structure. Correspondingly, 1d tubular micro/nanomaterials are four analogous structures, which are a segmented structure, a wire-in-tube structure, a multiwalled structure, and a multichannel structure. Because of the small sizes and complex interior structures, some special synthetic strategies that are different from routine hollowing methods, are proposed to produce these interior structures. Compared with the same-sized solid or common hollow counterparts, these fantastic multilevel hollow-structured micro/nanomaterials show a good wealth of outstanding properties that enable them broad applications in catalysis, sensors, Li-ion batteries, microreactors, biomedicines, and many others.