Fabrication of Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites With Higher-Order Three-Dimensional Architectures

The use of aqueous dispersions of polystyrene sulfonate-stabilized graphene sheets for the fabrication of nanocomposites with higher-order 3D architectures is demonstrated using two examples of template-directed assembly. Macroscopic sponge-like polymer-graphene scaffolds are readily produced by directional freeze casting, while hollow graphene microspheres are prepared by electrostatically induced assembly on positively charged polymer beads.