Controlled delivery for neuro-bionic devices

Implantable electrodes interface with the human body for a range of therapeutic as well as diagnostic applications. Here we provide an overview of controlled delivery strategies used in neuro-bionics. Controlled delivery of bioactive molecules has been used to minimise reactive cellular and tissue responses and/or promote nerve preservation and neurite outgrowth toward the implanted electrode. These effects are integral to establishing a chronically stable and effective electrode-neural communication. Drug-eluting bioactive coatings, organic conductive polymers, or integrated microfabricated drug delivery channels are strategies commonly used. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.