期刊
INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
卷 62, 期 -, 页码 38-50出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.02.001
关键词
Insect immunity; Hemolymph proteins; RNA-Seq; Transcriptome; Genome annotation
资金
- NIH [GM58634, GM041247]
- DARPA/NSF [IOS-1354421]
- NSF [OCI-1126330]
- [OKLO2450]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1354421] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect microbial pathogens and trigger innate immune responses. Previous biochemical studies have elucidated the physiological functions of eleven PRRs in Manduca sexta but our understanding of the recognition process is still limited, lacking genomic perspectives. While 34 C-type lectin-domain proteins and 16 Toll-like receptors are reported in the companion papers, we present here 120 other putative PRRs identified through the genome annotation. These include 76 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins, 14 peptidoglycan recognition proteins, 6 EGF/Nim-domain proteins, 5 beta-1,3-glucanase-related proteins, 4 galectins, 4 fibrinogen-related proteins, 3 thioester proteins, 5 immunoglobulin-domain proteins, 2 hemocytins, and 1 Reeler. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis reveal the evolution history of a diverse repertoire of proteins for pathogen recognition. While functions of insect LRR proteins are mostly unknown, their structure diversification is phenomenal: In addition to the Toll homologs, 22 LRR proteins with a signal peptide are expected to be secreted; 18 LRR proteins lacking signal peptides may be cytoplasmic; 36 LRRs with a signal peptide and a transmembrane segment may be non-Toll receptors on the surface of cells. Expression profiles of the 120 genes in 52 tissue samples reflect complex regulation in various developmental stages and physiological states, including some likely by Rel family transcription factors via KB motifs in the promoter regions. This collection of information is expected to facilitate future biochemical studies detailing their respective roles in this model insect. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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