期刊
ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA
卷 203, 期 1, 页码 47-59出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02256.x
关键词
astrocytes; cerebral blood flow; GABA interneurons; in vivo pharmacology; neurovascular coupling; pyramidal cells
类别
资金
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada/Canadian Stroke Network
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Neurovascular coupling, or functional hyperaemia, refers to complex mechanisms of communication between neurons, astrocytes and cerebral vessels which form the neurovascular unit that spatially and temporally adjusts blood supply to the needs in energy and oxygen of activated neurons. Neurovascular coupling is so precise that it underlies neuroimaging techniques to map changes in neuronal activity. Therefore, understanding its basis is indispensable for the proper interpretation of imaging signals from functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, routinely used in humans. Although neurovascular coupling mechanisms are not yet fully understood, considerable progress has been made over the last decade. In this review, we present recent knowledge from in vivo studies on the cortical cellular network involved in neurovascular coupling responses and the mediators implicated in these haemodynamic changes. Recent findings have emphasized the intricate interplay between both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in neurovascular coupling, together with an intermediary role of astrocytes, which are ideally positioned between neurons and microvessels. Finally, we describe latest findings on the alterations of neurovascular function encountered in neuro-degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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