期刊
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
卷 10, 期 3, 页码 357-376出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1468794110362874
关键词
ethnography; Hawthorne effect; investigator bias; observer effects; reactivity; research methods; science studies; science and technology studies; staged performance
资金
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences [0907993] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This article responds to the criticism that 'observer effects' in ethnographic research necessarily bias and possibly invalidate research findings. Instead of aspiring to distance and detachment, some of the greatest strengths of ethnographic research lie in cultivating close ties with others and collaboratively shaping discourses and practices in the field. Informants' performances - however staged for or influenced by the observer - often reveal profound truths about social and/or cultural phenomena. To make this case, first we mobilize methodological insights from the field of science studies to illustrate the contingency and partiality of all knowledge and to challenge the notion that ethnography is less objective than other research methods. Second, we draw upon our ethnographic projects to illustrate the rich data that can be obtained from 'staged performances' by informants. Finally, by detailing a few examples of questionable behavior on the part of informants, we challenge the fallacy that the presence of ethnographers will cause informants to self-censor.
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