Effects of aluminum on superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, and lipid peroxidation in the roots and calluses of soybeans differing in aluminum tolerance

The seedlings of two soybean genotypes, Al-tolerant PI 416937 (PI) and Al-sensitive Young, were cultured in the solution containing 0, 25 or 50 mu M Al (AlCl3 center dot 6H(2)O) for 24, 36 or 48 h in the hydroponics, and the calluses induced from two genotypes were cultured in medium containing 0, 10, 50 or 100 mu M Al for 5, 10 or 15 days, respectively. The effects of Al on growth of seedling roots and calluses, antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and lipid peroxidation were investigated. Under Al stress, PI was more tolerant to Al toxicity than Young at both intact plant and tissue levels and lower concentrations of Al significantly stimulated the root and callus growth of PI. Al application enhanced the activities of SOD and POD and lipid peroxidation in both roots and calluses of two genotypes. Although the differences of SOD activities between two genotypes in response to Al toxicity depended on Al concentration and durations of treatment, SOD activities in the roots of PI were higher than those in the roots of corresponding Young in the presence of Al for 36 or 48 h. Meanwhile, the POD activities in PI roots increased as the Al levels and durations of treatment increased, significantly higher than those in the corresponding Young roots. Moreover, Al-treated PI had significantly lower lipid peroxidation than Young at both root and callus levels. These results suggest that the enhanced antioxidant-related enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation in PI might be one of Al-tolerant mechanisms.