Saccharomyces boulardii for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a randomized, controlled study

AimTo evaluate the efficacy of orally administered Saccharomyces boulardii (S.boulardii) for reducing the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. MethodsA prospective, randomised controlled trial was conducted in infants with gestational age 32weeks and birth weight 1500g. The study group received S.boulardii supplementation, and the control group did not. The primary outcomes were death or NEC (Bell's stage 2), and secondary outcomes were feeding intolerance and clinical or culture-proven sepsis. ResultsA total of 271 infants were enrolled in the study, 135 in the study group and 136 in the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of death (3.7% vs. 3.6%, 95% CI of the difference, -5.20-5.25; p=1.0) or NEC (4.4% vs. 5.1%, 95% CI, -0.65-5.12; p=1.0) between the groups. However, feeding intolerance and clinical sepsis were significantly lower in the probiotic group compared with control. ConclusionAlthough Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation at a dose of 250mg/day was not effective at reducing the incidence of death or NEC in VLBW infants, it improved feeding tolerance and reduced the risk of clinical sepsis.