Anterior cruciate ligament integrity in osteoarthritis of the knee in patients undergoing total knee replacement

Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture has been implicated in the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed at determining the incidence of prior ACL deficiency in patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR), the effect of prior ACL deficiency on function and the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the ligament. Materials and methods A total of 95 patients undergoing elective TKR for OA were recruited. Pre-operative knee assessment included questionnaires and KT1000 testing. The ACL was examined macroscopically at TKR in all patients, and 10 ACL specimens were examined histologically. Results The ACL was absent in 12% of the patients. There was no significant correlation between the preoperative assessment or function and operative findings. The ACL samples all demonstrated degenerative change of varying severities. Conclusion ACL deficiency is uncommon in patients undergoing TKR for OA, and does not worsen pre-operative function.