期刊
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 21, 期 12, 页码 1845-1853出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0956797610388814
关键词
event perception; social perception; perception of animacy; intention; agency; goal-directed behavior; chasing
Imagine a pack of predators stalking their prey. The predators may not always move directly toward their target (e.g., when circling around it), but they may be consistently facing toward it. The human visual system appears to be extremely sensitive to such situations, even in displays involving simple shapes. We demonstrate this by introducing the wolfpack effect, which is found when several randomly moving, oriented shapes (darts, or discs with eyes) consistently point toward a moving disc. Despite the randomness of the shapes' movement, they seem to interact with the disc-as if they are collectively pursuing it. This impairs performance in interactive tasks (including detection of actual pursuit), and observers selectively avoid such shapes when moving a disc through the display themselves. These and other results reveal that the wolfpack effect is a novel social cue to perceived animacy. And, whereas previous work has focused on the causes of perceived animacy, these results demonstrate its effects, showing how it irresistibly and implicitly shapes visual performance and interactive behavior.
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