期刊
ACTA MATERIALIA
卷 59, 期 20, 页码 7450-7463出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.09.020
关键词
Microstructure; Twinning; X-ray diffraction; Heusler phases; Magnetic shape memory
资金
- Academy of Finland
- Tekes-the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- Czech Scientific Foundation [P107/11/0391, P107/10/0824]
- German Research Society (DFG) [FA 453/8, SPP 1239]
The huge strains that Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloys can achieve are usually described in a tetragonal unit cell approximation of a five-layered modulated (10 M) crystal structure. Here we analyze the impact of a slight orthorhombic and monoclinic distortion of the 10 M structure in Ni(50.2)Mn(28.3)Ga(21.5)at(.%) single crystal. Combining dedicated experiments to probe the microstructure, structure and mechanical properties with calculation using elastic continuum theory, we prove the existence of fine a/b-laminates within modulation macrotwins of the order of 100 micrometers in size. This complex twin microstructure containing a Type II macrotwin interface is associated with an extraordinarily low twinning stress of between 0.05 and 0.3 MPa, while Type I twins exhibit twinning stress of about 1 MPa. The findings provide important guidelines for designing the martensitic microstructure for more efficient actuators. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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