The effects of deformation conditions on microstructure and texture of commercially pure Ti

Electron backscattered diffraction is employed to explore the influence of deformation conditions on microstructure and texture evolution of commercially pure Ti after hot compression tests. {1 0 (1) over bar 2} twinning is active at the beginning of deformation whereas {1 0 (1) over bar 1} twinning appears later. Three peaks are found in the misorientation frequency-distribution corresponding to basal fiber texture, {1 0 (1) over bar 1} and {1 0 (1) over bar 2} twinning, respectively. {1 0 (1) over bar 1} twins and small subgrain sizes can only be found above log Z = 13, suggesting that {1 0 (1) over bar 1} twinning may be a key factor for effectively reducing the deformed grain size. After deformation, two texture components can be found with compression direction 20-30 degrees or 45 degrees to [0 0 0 1]. The Schmid factors show that all slip systems, apart from the basal slip system, are active at the early stage of deformation. At heavy deformation, the basal, first- and second-order pyramidal slip systems are active. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.