Epidermal nerve fiber quantification in the assessment of diabetic neuropathy

Assessment of cutaneous innervation in skin biopsies is emerging as a vatuable means of both diagnosing and staging diabetic neuropathy. Immunotabeting, using antibodies to neuronal proteins such as protein gene product 9.5, allows for the visualization and quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers. Multiple studies have shown reductions in intraepidermal nerve fiber density in skin biopsies from patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. More recent studies have focused on correlating these changes with other measures of diabetic neuropathy. A toss of epidermal innervation similar to that observed in diabetic patients has been observed in rodent models of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and several therapeutics have been reported to prevent reductions in intraepidermal nerve fiber density in these models. This review discusses the current literature describing diabetes-induced changes in cutaneous innervation in both human and animal models of diabetic neuropathy. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.